As our pets age, we usually expect to see some physical changes—slower walks, longer naps, or perhaps a little stiffness in the mornings. But what many owners don’t realize is that pets, like people, can also experience cognitive decline as they grow older. This condition, often compared to dementia in humans, is more common than many think.
At Norgate Animal Hospital, we often remind pet parents that recognizing the signs early can make a big difference. With the right support, older pets can still enjoy comfort, connection, and a good quality of life.
What is cognitive decline in pets?
Cognitive decline, also called cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS), affects the brain’s ability to function normally as pets age. It’s most commonly seen in senior dogs and cats and is linked to changes in the brain that impact memory, learning, awareness, and behavior.
The tricky part is that the symptoms can look a lot like normal aging, which is why it often goes unnoticed until it begins to significantly affect daily life.
Common signs to watch for in older dogs
Dogs experiencing cognitive decline may show subtle or sometimes dramatic changes, such as:
-
Disorientation—wandering aimlessly, getting “stuck” in corners, or struggling to find familiar places in the home
-
Changes in sleep patterns—restlessness at night and excessive sleeping during the day
-
Loss of house-training habits, leading to accidents indoors
-
Decreased interest in play or social interactions
-
Increased anxiety, vocalizing, or clinginess
-
Difficulty learning new commands or suddenly forgetting old ones
Common signs to watch for in older cats
Cats often hide signs of illness or distress, and cognitive decline is no exception. Look for:
-
Increased vocalization, often at night
-
Forgetting where the litter box is or missing it altogether
-
Seeming disoriented in familiar surroundings
-
Less interest in grooming, leading to a duller coat
-
Changes in interaction—either becoming unusually clingy or withdrawn
-
Altered sleep-wake cycles, with more nighttime activity
How stress and other conditions complicate the picture
Not all changes in behavior are caused by cognitive decline. Arthritis, vision loss, hearing impairment, kidney disease, or stress can mimic many of these signs. This is why a thorough veterinary exam is so important. At Norgate Animal Hospital, we often run bloodwork, imaging, and physical exams to rule out other conditions before diagnosing CDS.
What can help pets with cognitive decline
While cognitive decline can’t be reversed, there are ways to slow its progression and improve quality of life:
-
Routine and predictability: Consistent feeding, walking, and sleeping schedules reduce anxiety and confusion.
-
Environmental enrichment: Puzzle feeders, toys, gentle training, and interactive play keep the brain engaged.
-
Dietary support: Special senior diets enriched with antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) can support brain health.
-
Safe spaces: Make sure pets have easy access to food, water, and litter boxes, with ramps or rugs for traction if mobility is also an issue.
-
Medication and supplements: In some cases, your veterinarian may prescribe medications or recommend supplements that support cognitive function.
-
Comfort and connection: Regular affection, calm reassurance, and spending time together help pets feel secure.
Watching your beloved dog or cat age isn’t easy, especially when their behavior starts to change in ways that feel unfamiliar. But recognizing the signs of cognitive decline early gives you the chance to support them with the right care and adjustments.
At Norgate Animal Hospital, we’re here to help senior pets age with dignity and comfort. If you’ve noticed changes in your pet’s behavior that concern you, don’t wait—schedule a checkup so we can work together to keep your companion happy and healthy for as long as possible.
