When you bring a cat into your life, you want to give them the happiest, healthiest years possible. But just like people, certain cat breeds are more likely to develop specific genetic conditions. Understanding these risks isn’t meant to scare you—it helps you stay one step ahead. With the right care, attention, and veterinary support, most cats can live long, comfortable lives, even if they are predisposed to certain health challenges.
At Norgate Animal Hospital, we see cats of all breeds and backgrounds, and one thing is clear: knowledge makes the biggest difference. Let’s look at some breeds known for their genetic predispositions and what cat owners should watch for.
Persian and exotic shorthair cats: breathing and kidney concerns
Those sweet, flat faces might make Persians and exotic shorthairs some of the most adored cats, but their looks come with health trade-offs. Their shortened skull structure makes them prone to brachycephalic airway syndrome, which can cause breathing issues, noisy respiration, and heat intolerance.
Another concern with these breeds is polycystic kidney disease (PKD), a genetic condition where cysts develop in the kidneys and can eventually cause kidney failure. Responsible breeders often test for PKD, but it’s still one of the most common inherited diseases in cats. Owners should watch for increased thirst, frequent urination, or weight loss—subtle signs that something might be wrong.
Maine coons: heart health matters
Known as gentle giants, Maine coons are one of the largest domestic cat breeds. Unfortunately, they’re also one of the breeds most at risk for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a heart condition where the walls of the heart thicken and reduce its ability to pump blood efficiently.
The tricky part about HCM is that cats often show no obvious signs until the disease has progressed. Regular veterinary checkups and sometimes even cardiac ultrasounds are key to catching it early. Owners may notice labored breathing, lethargy, or sudden weakness in the back legs if blood clots form—symptoms that require immediate veterinary attention.
Siamese and oriental breeds: crossed eyes aren’t the only concern
Siamese cats and their close relatives (like orientals and Balinese) have long been admired for their striking looks and affectionate personalities. While many people think of crossed eyes as their most common quirk, these breeds also have higher risks for certain cancers, dental issues, and progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), a condition that causes gradual blindness.
For owners, monitoring vision changes, being proactive with dental cleanings, and seeking early veterinary intervention when something feels “off” can go a long way in keeping these cats healthy.
Ragdolls: the silent risk of heart disease
Ragdolls, with their relaxed temperaments and striking blue eyes, are another breed predisposed to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Like Maine coons, they may not show obvious symptoms in the early stages. Because of this, many ragdoll breeders participate in genetic testing programs to try and reduce the prevalence of HCM in the breed.
If you share your home with a ragdoll, being proactive about heart screenings during annual checkups is one of the best gifts you can give them.
Burmese and related breeds: diabetes and craniofacial challenges
Burmese cats are known for their affectionate, people-oriented personalities, but they are unfortunately more prone to developing diabetes mellitus than many other breeds. Owners should watch for signs like excessive thirst, weight loss despite a good appetite, and increased urination.
In rare cases, Burmese cats can also inherit craniofacial abnormalities. While responsible breeders actively work to reduce this risk, it’s worth being aware of if you’re considering adopting from this breed.
What this means for cat owners
Learning about genetic risks doesn’t mean your cat will definitely face these problems. Many cats from predisposed breeds live full, healthy lives without ever developing their associated conditions. The key is awareness and prevention.
Here are some steps owners can take:
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Ask about genetic testing if you’re adopting from a breeder.
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Keep up with regular veterinary visits, even if your cat seems healthy.
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Watch for subtle changes in behavior, appetite, or energy—cats are experts at hiding discomfort.
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Stay informed. Knowing what your cat might be prone to makes it easier to catch problems early.
Every cat, regardless of breed, deserves the best chance at a healthy life. By understanding breed-specific risks, you can provide proactive care and avoid being caught off guard by conditions that might otherwise go unnoticed.
At Norgate Animal Hospital, our team is here to help you navigate these concerns, from wellness exams to advanced diagnostics. If you have questions about your cat’s breed or health risks, we’re always just a call away.
